THESIS
2023
1 online resource (xii, 66 pages) : illustrations (chiefly color)
Abstract
Okara is a fiber rich waste from soybean industry that can be a potential material to make hydrogel.
In this study, okara cellulose based hydrogel with high water swelling was fabricated. First,
cellulose was extracted from okara using alkaline treatment of 5% (w/v) NaOH solution. The okara
cellulose was crosslinked with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) forming hydrogel using glutaraldehyde as
the crosslinking agent. However, the PVA/okara hydrogel had a low water swelling of 19 g/g.
Alternatively, another method using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was attempted due to its high
hydrophilicity. CMC and okara cellulose were crosslinked by epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking
agent. The water swelling of CMC/okara hydrogel reached 390 g/g which is higher than the
previous studies of okara hydrogels....[
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Okara is a fiber rich waste from soybean industry that can be a potential material to make hydrogel.
In this study, okara cellulose based hydrogel with high water swelling was fabricated. First,
cellulose was extracted from okara using alkaline treatment of 5% (w/v) NaOH solution. The okara
cellulose was crosslinked with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) forming hydrogel using glutaraldehyde as
the crosslinking agent. However, the PVA/okara hydrogel had a low water swelling of 19 g/g.
Alternatively, another method using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was attempted due to its high
hydrophilicity. CMC and okara cellulose were crosslinked by epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking
agent. The water swelling of CMC/okara hydrogel reached 390 g/g which is higher than the
previous studies of okara hydrogels. The swelling increased with more swelling cycles and
remained effective until the fifth cycle. In KNO
3 and NH
4NO
3 solutions (0.05 ⎯ 0.1M), the
swelling was significantly reduced by 75-85%. The hydrogel was characterized by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). With high swelling ability, the CMC/okara hydrogel can be
applied as a soil conditioner to retain water near the roots in dry areas.
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