THESIS
2012
xi, 88 p. : ill. ; 30 cm
Abstract
In addition to what people actually feel (actual affect, AA), what people personally desire to feel (ideal affect, IA), and what society expects them to feel (normative affect, NA) have drawn recent theoretical attention. Three studies were conducted to examine the differences and social significance of these affects among Hong Kong Chinese. In Study 1 (N = 292), participants were asked to describe their IA and NA and their social functions using an open-ended response format. IA was perceived as intrapersonal and to motivate behavior, and NA was perceived to be interpersonal and facilitate social adjustment. In Studies 2 and 3, I tested and cross-validated the circumplex structures of IA and NA, respectively. In Study 2 (N = 313), participants were asked to report their AA, IA, and NA...[
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In addition to what people actually feel (actual affect, AA), what people personally desire to feel (ideal affect, IA), and what society expects them to feel (normative affect, NA) have drawn recent theoretical attention. Three studies were conducted to examine the differences and social significance of these affects among Hong Kong Chinese. In Study 1 (N = 292), participants were asked to describe their IA and NA and their social functions using an open-ended response format. IA was perceived as intrapersonal and to motivate behavior, and NA was perceived to be interpersonal and facilitate social adjustment. In Studies 2 and 3, I tested and cross-validated the circumplex structures of IA and NA, respectively. In Study 2 (N = 313), participants were asked to report their AA, IA, and NA for the same moment from the day before. Both AA and NA were estimated to be pleasant feelings with medium levels of arousal, while IA was estimated to be a pleasant feeling with a low level of arousal. In Study 3, participants were asked to report their IA (N = 202) or NA (N = 206) at a moment of fulfillment in the future. Both IA and NA were estimated to be pleasant feelings with medium levels of arousal. The nomological nets of IA and NA were mapped by relating each affect type to other psychological variables. IA and NA correlated differentially to motivation (Study 2), personality traits (Studies 2 and 3), and mental well-being (Studies 2 and 3), implying that IA and NA each possess unique functional significance in social behaviors.
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