This research presents a cross-level model of relationships between unit-level constructs (transformational leadership and paternalistic leadership climate) and individual-level constructs (trust, satisfaction with leader, and organizational citizenship behaviors). Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to test the model using a sample of 471 teachers working in 149 preliminary schools. Both Relationship-oriented and task-oriented transformational leadership climate were shown to be positively related to teachers' satisfaction with leader, but only relationship-oriented transformational leadership climate was found to significantly affect teacher OCBs. All three dimensions of paternalistic leadership climate were reported to significantly contribute to teachers' upward satisfaction...[ Read more ]

This research presents a cross-level model of relationships between unit-level constructs (transformational leadership and paternalistic leadership climate) and individual-level constructs (trust, satisfaction with leader, and organizational citizenship behaviors). Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to test the model using a sample of 471 teachers working in 149 preliminary schools. Both Relationship-oriented and task-oriented transformational leadership climate were shown to be positively related to teachers' satisfaction with leader, but only relationship-oriented transformational leadership climate was found to significantly affect teacher OCBs. All three dimensions of paternalistic leadership climate were reported to significantly contribute to teachers' upward satisfaction but only benevolent and moral leadership was found to be significantly associated with teacher OCBs. All such relationships were found to be mediated by teachers' trust in leader. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Key words: transformational leadership climate, paternalistic leadership climate, cross-level design, HLM