THESIS
2015
xiv, 212 pages : illustrations ; 30 cm
Abstract
The Building Information Modeling (BIM) domain and the Geographic Information System (GIS)
domain share a mutual need for information from each other. Information from GIS can facilitate
BIM applications such as site selection and onsite material layout, while models from BIM help
generate detailed models in GIS and achieve better utility management. The mapping between the
key schemas in the BIM domain and the GIS domain is the most critical step towards
interoperability between the two domains. In this research, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and
City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) were chosen as the key schemas due to their wide
applications in the BIM domain and the GIS domain, respectively. A review of previous studies on
the integration between BIM and GIS reveals...[
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The Building Information Modeling (BIM) domain and the Geographic Information System (GIS)
domain share a mutual need for information from each other. Information from GIS can facilitate
BIM applications such as site selection and onsite material layout, while models from BIM help
generate detailed models in GIS and achieve better utility management. The mapping between the
key schemas in the BIM domain and the GIS domain is the most critical step towards
interoperability between the two domains. In this research, Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and
City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) were chosen as the key schemas due to their wide
applications in the BIM domain and the GIS domain, respectively. A review of previous studies on
the integration between BIM and GIS reveals that so far there is no bi-directional mapping
considering both geometric and semantic information between IFC and CityGML. Moreover, the
transformation between different Levels of Detail (LoDs) in 3D GIS models has not been fully
studied. The objective of this research is to develop techniques and tools to allow bi-directional
mapping between key schemas in the BIM domain and the GIS domain considering transformation
of geometry, semantic information and LoDs. Three use cases based on the integration between
BIM and GIS are presented to show how the integration can facilitate problem solving in the
architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry.
First, the sufficiency of the IFC schema for storing GIS data was evaluated using text
analysis techniques and version different analysis. An extension for IFC 4 was developed to store
data from CityGML. Then a linguistic-based semi-automatic mapping framework for IFC and
CityGML was developed and evaluated, which showed promising results. The bi-directional
mapping between IFC and CityGML was developed using instance-based mapping with reference
ontology. The mapping framework was compared to previous studies to show its effectiveness.
Second, the transformation between LoDs in 3D GIS models was developed based on the
LoD definitions in CityGML. This is a critical step for mapping between BIM and GIS as 3D GIS
models are usually represented in different LoDs. An exterior shell extraction algorithm was
proposed to facilitate the transformation between LoDs in CityGML. The algorithms of
transformation from higher LoDs to lower LoDs were developed and validated using complex and
large-scale 3D GIS models.
Finally, three use cases were developed to show how BIM and GIS can facilitate problem
solving in the AEC industry. The first use case aimed to build 3D noise maps for urban
environments using data from BIM and GIS. The Italian C.N.R. model was used for noise
prediction. The highlight of this use case study is that by using BIM and GIS integration, the noise
mapping can be performed at room level and the design models can be flexibly updated. The second
use case considered construction supply chain management (CSCM) using BIM and GIS
integration. The allocation of consolidation centers for multiple construction sites, which is a
problem seldom studied by previous literature, is formulated and solved by integrating BIM and
GIS. The third case aimed to develop a 3D underground utility management system for urban
environments. The system uses modeling functions in BIM as data sources for utility management.
Moreover, an algorithm was developed to allow transforming 2D CAD drawings into 3D utility
lines.
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