THESIS
2017
xiii, 108 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 30 cm
Abstract
Renal failure has been being concerned for several decades. Over the world, more than one
million people die annually due to End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) that is the ultimate and
the worst stage of kidney disease, in which the functions of patients’ kidneys have been
completely lost. The current treatments for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are mainly kidney
transplantation and dialysis. Up to now, kidney transplantation is considered as the best
treatment for CKD, as the patients are allowed to have better quality of life after the operation
among all the current treatments. Yet, the availability of the kidney source has brought a great
challenge towards the operation, and thus one may resort to dialysis that allows the material
exchanging via a semi–permeable membrane under t...[
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Renal failure has been being concerned for several decades. Over the world, more than one
million people die annually due to End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) that is the ultimate and
the worst stage of kidney disease, in which the functions of patients’ kidneys have been
completely lost. The current treatments for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are mainly kidney
transplantation and dialysis. Up to now, kidney transplantation is considered as the best
treatment for CKD, as the patients are allowed to have better quality of life after the operation
among all the current treatments. Yet, the availability of the kidney source has brought a great
challenge towards the operation, and thus one may resort to dialysis that allows the material
exchanging via a semi–permeable membrane under the concentration gradient between patients’
blood and the dialysis fluid. However, dialysis, hemodialysis (HD) in particular, is a relatively
inconvenient treatment due to the frequent and time–consuming process, which may highly
affect the quality of life of the patient. On the other hand, patients may also suffer from the cost
for receiving dialysis treatment due to the operation cost and the continuous supply in the long
run. Therefore, some alternatives for HD have been being proposed. Hemoperfusion (HP),
which removes the uremic toxins by means of adsorption, has attracted tremendous attentions
recently. With the faster and cheaper treatment, HP has shown the great potential in the blood
purification aspect in the future, such as the development of wearable artificial kidney. In this
study, the details of designing a HP cartridge has been studied. With porous polystyrene (PS)
beads as the starting materials, different kinds of adsorbents have been synthesized. With
characterization techniques, such as FTIR and XPS, the successful synthesis of the adsorbents
was confirmed. With the aid of UV – Vis spectroscopy, the performance of the adsorbents
towards different major uremic toxins, such as creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin and bile acid were
investigated. Besides, the test that studied the adhesion of platelet on the adsorbents have also
provided the preliminary idea for the hemocompatibility for the adsorbents. Some of the results
have been compared with the commercial product HA130 hemoperfusion cartridge from Jafron
Biomedical Co., Ltd for seeking the room of improvement.
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